Would Romney be ‘most religious’ president? What about Carter?

Would Romney be ‘most religious’ president? What about Carter? October 2, 2012
If Mitt Romney wins the Nov. 6 election, would he become our most religious president? It’s an odd question, but one that has come up in recent days after writer Nicholas Lemann said as much in a profile of Romney that ran in the New Yorker magazine. “If elected,” Lemann wrote, “Romney, scion of an old, distinguished Mormon family (his ancestors had a direct connection to Joseph Smith and Brigham Young), would arguably be the most actively religious president in American history.”
There are a couple of key qualifiers there — the use of the words “arguably” and “actively.” Still, the claim begs a question — in fact, more than one. What president would Romney displace from the title of most religious? What, exactly, does that mean? And how can anyone tell? “I have to admit, when I first saw it, I thought, ‘Really?’ I mean, how do you know?” said Steve Shaw, a professor of political science at Northwest Nazarene University in Nampa, Idaho, and coauthor of “The Presidents & Their Faith: From George Washington to Barack Obama.”

Slate magazine suggested, perhaps not surprisingly, that Jimmy Carter might be the current title holder. Carter, a Baptist Sunday school teacher, was the first president to declare himself to have been born again (and to have lusted in his heart) and was known as a president whose policies were often guided by faith — not always to positive political ends. “It’s impossible to know the contents of a man’s heart, but historians who study the religious lives of the presidents point again and again to the words and deeds of James Earl Carter Jr.,” Slate wrote.

Who else? James A. Garfield, a member of the Disciples of Christ, was the only president who had been a pastor. When he left his ministry for the White House, he declared, “I resign the highest office in the land to become president of the United States.” Alas, it didn’t go well for him: Garfield was shot four months into his term in 1881, and died several months later.
William McKinley was an apparently devout Methodist who disappointed his mother when he went into politics, not the ministry. Nevertheless, he remained active in his church throughout his life. Richard Nixon was another president whose mother had higher aspirations for her son: Hannah Nixon thought young Richard should become a Quaker missionary.
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